71:@0.904366:0.963104:0.932133:0.963104:0.932133:0.941283:0.904366:0.941283:0.000000:0.000000
Química:@0.823207:0.956142:0.879897:0.956142:0.879897:0.943479:0.823207:0.943479:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2.º BG:@0.837761:0.967458:0.879897:0.967458:0.879897:0.954794:0.837761:0.954794:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
DUA:@0.748004:0.068322:0.791647:0.068322:0.791647:0.048070:0.748004:0.048070:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
. Representación:@0.791647:0.067693:0.923937:0.067693:0.923937:0.050792:0.791647:0.050792:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
©Shutterstock:@0.942261:0.267013:0.942261:0.224188:0.930350:0.224188:0.930350:0.267013:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
©Shutterstock:@0.091244:0.255255:0.091244:0.212429:0.079333:0.212429:0.079333:0.255255:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Estado de oxidación:@0.096359:0.105436:0.320657:0.105436:0.320657:0.082069:0.096359:0.082069:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
La IUPAC define al estado de oxidación como: “Una medida del grado de oxidación :@0.096359:0.127651:0.716525:0.127651:0.716525:0.111262:0.096359:0.111262:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
de un átomo en una sustancia. Se define como la carga de un átomo” (IUPAC, 2014, :@0.096359:0.143999:0.716597:0.143999:0.716597:0.127610:0.096359:0.127610:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
pág. 1 049).:@0.096359:0.160346:0.180002:0.160346:0.180002:0.143957:0.096359:0.143957:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Consideremos el ejemplo del HCl. En una molécula de este compuesto, los átomos :@0.096359:0.183816:0.716615:0.183816:0.716615:0.167427:0.096359:0.167427:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
están unidos por un enlace covalente.:@0.096359:0.200164:0.374705:0.200164:0.374705:0.183775:0.096359:0.183775:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Si se considera que el par de electrones entre el H y el Cl pertenecen al cloro por :@0.096359:0.288899:0.716447:0.288899:0.716447:0.272510:0.096359:0.272510:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
ser el elemento más electronegativo, el átomo de hidrógeno tendría una carga 1+, :@0.096359:0.305246:0.716595:0.305246:0.716595:0.288857:0.096359:0.288857:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
mientra que el cloro 1-. Es decir en el compuesto HCl, el hidrógeno tiene número de :@0.096359:0.321594:0.716539:0.321594:0.716539:0.305205:0.096359:0.305205:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
oxidación 1+ y el cloro 1-. :@0.096359:0.337941:0.287710:0.337941:0.287710:0.321552:0.096359:0.321552:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Si bien se trata de un enlace covalente en el que se considera que ambos elementos :@0.096359:0.361411:0.716597:0.361411:0.716597:0.345022:0.096359:0.345022:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
comparten los electrones, cuando se requiere asignar números de oxidación se con-:@0.096359:0.377759:0.712467:0.377759:0.712467:0.361370:0.096359:0.361370:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
sidera que los electrones pertenecen al átomo más electronegativo. :@0.096359:0.394106:0.597287:0.394106:0.597287:0.377717:0.096359:0.377717:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Cloruro de hidrógeno (HCl):@0.472695:0.257084:0.617247:0.257084:0.617247:0.245165:0.472695:0.245165:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Átomo de hidrógeno :@0.121052:0.231327:0.237044:0.231327:0.237044:0.219408:0.121052:0.219408:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Átomo de cloro:@0.273804:0.257084:0.357430:0.257084:0.357430:0.245165:0.273804:0.245165:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Reglas para establecer el estado de oxidación:@0.127922:0.427272:0.464625:0.427272:0.464625:0.411694:0.127922:0.411694:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
•:@0.106345:0.454845:0.111541:0.454845:0.111541:0.438221:0.106345:0.438221:0.000000
 :@0.111541:0.454845:0.115264:0.454845:0.115264:0.437709:0.111541:0.437709:0.000000
Los elementos sin combinarse pre-:@0.125344:0.454845:0.399086:0.454845:0.399086:0.438456:0.125344:0.438456:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
sentan estado de oxidación cero (0).:@0.125344:0.471192:0.389519:0.471192:0.389519:0.454803:0.125344:0.454803:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
•:@0.106345:0.494662:0.111541:0.494662:0.111541:0.478038:0.106345:0.478038:0.000000
 :@0.111541:0.494662:0.115264:0.494662:0.115264:0.477527:0.111541:0.477527:0.000000
El estado de oxidación del hidrógeno :@0.125344:0.494662:0.403159:0.494662:0.403159:0.478274:0.125344:0.478274:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
es 1+, excepto cuando forma parte :@0.125344:0.511010:0.403102:0.511010:0.403102:0.494621:0.125344:0.494621:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
de los hidruros de metales activos, en :@0.125344:0.527357:0.403157:0.527357:0.403157:0.510968:0.125344:0.510968:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
donde es 1–:@0.125344:0.543705:0.216100:0.543705:0.216100:0.527316:0.125344:0.527316:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
•:@0.106345:0.567175:0.111541:0.567175:0.111541:0.550551:0.106345:0.550551:0.000000
 :@0.111541:0.567175:0.115264:0.567175:0.115264:0.550039:0.111541:0.550039:0.000000
El estado de oxidación del oxígeno es :@0.125344:0.567175:0.403103:0.567175:0.403103:0.550786:0.125344:0.550786:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2–. En los peróxidos el número de :@0.125344:0.583522:0.403138:0.583522:0.403138:0.567133:0.125344:0.567133:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
oxidación es 1-.:@0.125344:0.599870:0.238471:0.599870:0.238471:0.583481:0.125344:0.583481:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
•:@0.106345:0.623340:0.111541:0.623340:0.111541:0.606716:0.106345:0.606716:0.000000
 :@0.111357:0.623340:0.115079:0.623340:0.115079:0.606204:0.111357:0.606204:0.000000
En el compuesto OF₂, el número de :@0.125344:0.623340:0.403175:0.623340:0.403175:0.606951:0.125344:0.606951:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
oxidación del oxígeno es 2+, porque :@0.125344:0.639687:0.403120:0.639687:0.403120:0.623298:0.125344:0.623298:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
el flúor es el elemento más electrone-:@0.125344:0.656035:0.399086:0.656035:0.399086:0.639646:0.125344:0.639646:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
gativo y su número de oxidación es 1-.:@0.125344:0.672382:0.399068:0.672382:0.399068:0.655993:0.125344:0.655993:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
•:@0.106345:0.695852:0.111541:0.695852:0.111541:0.679228:0.106345:0.679228:0.000000
 :@0.111541:0.695852:0.115264:0.695852:0.115264:0.678716:0.111541:0.678716:0.000000
El estado de oxidación de los alcali-:@0.125344:0.695852:0.399123:0.695852:0.399123:0.679463:0.125344:0.679463:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
nos en una molécula es 1+.:@0.125344:0.712199:0.325928:0.712199:0.325928:0.695810:0.125344:0.695810:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
•:@0.408595:0.454859:0.413791:0.454859:0.413791:0.438235:0.408595:0.438235:0.000000
 :@0.413791:0.454859:0.417514:0.454859:0.417514:0.437723:0.413791:0.437723:0.000000
El estado de oxidación de los alcali-:@0.427594:0.454859:0.701373:0.454859:0.701373:0.438470:0.427594:0.438470:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
notérreos en una molécula es 2+.:@0.427594:0.471206:0.672239:0.471206:0.672239:0.454817:0.427594:0.454817:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
•:@0.408595:0.494676:0.413791:0.494676:0.413791:0.478052:0.408595:0.478052:0.000000
 :@0.413791:0.494676:0.417514:0.494676:0.417514:0.477541:0.413791:0.477541:0.000000
El estado de oxidación de un anión :@0.427594:0.494676:0.705372:0.494676:0.705372:0.478287:0.427594:0.478287:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
monoatómico es la carga neta del :@0.427594:0.511024:0.705407:0.511024:0.705407:0.494635:0.427594:0.494635:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
anión, es decir, la capacidad que tie-:@0.427594:0.527371:0.701336:0.527371:0.701336:0.510982:0.427594:0.510982:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
ne para recibir electrones.:@0.427594:0.543719:0.616180:0.543719:0.616180:0.527330:0.427594:0.527330:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
•:@0.408595:0.567189:0.413791:0.567189:0.413791:0.550565:0.408595:0.550565:0.000000
 :@0.413791:0.567189:0.417514:0.567189:0.417514:0.550053:0.413791:0.550053:0.000000
La suma algebraica de los estados de :@0.427594:0.567189:0.705409:0.567189:0.705409:0.550800:0.427594:0.550800:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
oxidación de cada átomo que con-:@0.427594:0.583536:0.701336:0.583536:0.701336:0.567147:0.427594:0.567147:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
forma la molécula neutra es igual a :@0.427594:0.599883:0.705409:0.599883:0.705409:0.583495:0.427594:0.583495:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
cero (0).:@0.427594:0.616231:0.485788:0.616231:0.485788:0.599842:0.427594:0.599842:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
•:@0.408595:0.639701:0.413791:0.639701:0.413791:0.623077:0.408595:0.623077:0.000000
 :@0.413791:0.639701:0.417514:0.639701:0.417514:0.622565:0.413791:0.622565:0.000000
La suma algebraica de los estados de :@0.427594:0.639701:0.705409:0.639701:0.705409:0.623312:0.427594:0.623312:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
oxidación de cada átomo que con-:@0.427594:0.656048:0.701336:0.656048:0.701336:0.639659:0.427594:0.639659:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
forma un ion poliatómico es igual a la :@0.427594:0.672396:0.705353:0.672396:0.705353:0.656007:0.427594:0.656007:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
carga del ion. :@0.427594:0.688743:0.529554:0.688743:0.529554:0.672354:0.427594:0.672354:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
     Ejemplos:@0.408595:0.712213:0.498522:0.712213:0.498522:0.695589:0.408595:0.695589:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Reacción del magnesio :@0.740996:0.300106:0.883625:0.300106:0.883625:0.286697:0.740996:0.286697:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
metálico con ácido sulfúrico::@0.740996:0.312678:0.912782:0.312678:0.912782:0.299269:0.740996:0.299269:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Mg + HCl   MgCl₂ + H₂:@0.740996:0.325250:0.881981:0.325252:0.881981:0.311843:0.740996:0.311841:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.740995:0.337824:0.744296:0.337824:0.744296:0.324415:0.740995:0.324415:0.000000
Estado de oxidación::@0.740995:0.350396:0.870265:0.350396:0.870265:0.336794:0.740995:0.336794:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Magnesio metálico: Mg   :@0.740995:0.362968:0.892227:0.362971:0.892227:0.349562:0.740995:0.349559:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
0:@0.881333:0.358025:0.885622:0.358025:0.885622:0.350207:0.881333:0.350207:0.000000
Magnesio en cloruro de :@0.741003:0.375543:0.886782:0.375543:0.886782:0.362134:0.741003:0.362134:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
magnesio: Mg . :@0.741003:0.388115:0.841725:0.388117:0.841725:0.374708:0.741003:0.374706:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2+:@0.826273:0.383171:0.835801:0.383171:0.835801:0.375354:0.826273:0.375354:0.000000:0.000000
Hidrógeno en ácido :@0.740995:0.400689:0.864235:0.400689:0.864235:0.387280:0.740995:0.387280:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
clorhídrico: H . :@0.740995:0.413261:0.836267:0.413265:0.836267:0.399856:0.740995:0.399852:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
1+:@0.820815:0.408317:0.830343:0.408317:0.830343:0.400500:0.820815:0.400500:0.000000:0.000000
Hidrógeno gaseoso: H₂   :@0.740995:0.425837:0.889573:0.425837:0.889573:0.412427:0.740995:0.412427:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
0:@0.878679:0.420890:0.882969:0.420890:0.882969:0.413073:0.878679:0.413073:0.000000
Ingresa en el siguiente :@0.755809:0.540297:0.909308:0.540297:0.909308:0.525398:0.755809:0.525398:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
enlace y practica el :@0.755809:0.554128:0.886593:0.554128:0.886593:0.539229:0.755809:0.539229:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
cálculo del número de :@0.755809:0.567958:0.909359:0.567958:0.909359:0.553059:0.755809:0.553059:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
oxidación::@0.755809:0.581788:0.823773:0.581788:0.823773:0.566889:0.755809:0.566889:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
lynk.ec/12qmc11:@0.755809:0.599177:0.869842:0.599177:0.869842:0.584052:0.755809:0.584052:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Digital:@0.807582:0.507857:0.858053:0.507857:0.858053:0.490956:0.807582:0.490956:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Una regla para determinar :@0.755005:0.790236:0.933548:0.790236:0.933548:0.775337:0.755005:0.775337:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
el estado de oxidación es :@0.755005:0.804067:0.926866:0.804067:0.926866:0.789168:0.755005:0.789168:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
que la suma algebraica  :@0.755005:0.817897:0.915844:0.817897:0.915844:0.802998:0.755005:0.802998:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
de los estados de cada :@0.755005:0.831727:0.909763:0.831727:0.909763:0.816828:0.755005:0.816828:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
átomo de la molécula  :@0.755005:0.845558:0.907803:0.845558:0.907803:0.830659:0.755005:0.830659:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
es igual a 0.:@0.755005:0.859388:0.831747:0.859388:0.831747:0.844489:0.755005:0.844489:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Indaga la razón de esa regla.:@0.755005:0.876776:0.926717:0.876776:0.926717:0.861902:0.755005:0.861902:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
     Matemática:@0.775870:0.757794:0.883411:0.757794:0.883411:0.740894:0.775870:0.740894:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Estado de oxidación :@0.184379:0.747076:0.328097:0.747076:0.328097:0.731963:0.184379:0.731963:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Ejemplos:@0.521220:0.747076:0.585214:0.747076:0.585214:0.731963:0.521220:0.731963:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Estado elemental cero (0):@0.110430:0.771748:0.288036:0.771748:0.288036:0.756104:0.110430:0.756104:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Fe , O , Cr , P:@0.410375:0.771748:0.503029:0.771748:0.503029:0.756104:0.410375:0.756104:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
0:@0.426426:0.765975:0.431431:0.765975:0.431431:0.756854:0.426426:0.756854:0.000000
2:@0.450146:0.774767:0.455151:0.774767:0.455151:0.765647:0.450146:0.765647:0.000000
0:@0.455151:0.765977:0.460155:0.765977:0.460155:0.756857:0.455151:0.756857:0.000000
0:@0.482282:0.765975:0.487287:0.765975:0.487287:0.756854:0.482282:0.756854:0.000000
3:@0.503030:0.774767:0.508035:0.774767:0.508035:0.765647:0.503030:0.765647:0.000000
0:@0.508035:0.765977:0.513039:0.765977:0.513039:0.756857:0.508035:0.756857:0.000000
Estado de oxidación del hidrógeno (1+):@0.110430:0.799469:0.380823:0.799469:0.380823:0.783825:0.110430:0.783825:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
HBr, H PO , NaHCO , Mg(OH):@0.410375:0.799469:0.609353:0.799469:0.609353:0.783825:0.410375:0.783825:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.452723:0.802488:0.457727:0.802488:0.457727:0.793367:0.452723:0.793367:0.000000
4:@0.478361:0.802488:0.483365:0.802488:0.483365:0.793367:0.478361:0.793367:0.000000
3:@0.542113:0.802488:0.547118:0.802488:0.547118:0.793367:0.542113:0.793367:0.000000
2:@0.609351:0.802488:0.614355:0.802488:0.614355:0.793367:0.609351:0.793367:0.000000
Estado de oxidación del hidrógeno (1–):@0.110430:0.827190:0.379135:0.827190:0.379135:0.811546:0.110430:0.811546:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
NaH, CaH:@0.410375:0.827190:0.476599:0.827190:0.476599:0.811546:0.410375:0.811546:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2:@0.476591:0.830209:0.481596:0.830209:0.481596:0.821088:0.476591:0.821088:0.000000
Estado de oxidación del oxígeno (2–):@0.110430:0.854911:0.369056:0.854911:0.369056:0.839267:0.110430:0.839267:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
CaO, NaOH, H O, AgNO:@0.410375:0.854911:0.572466:0.854911:0.572466:0.839267:0.410375:0.839267:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2:@0.506582:0.857931:0.511586:0.857931:0.511586:0.848811:0.506582:0.848811:0.000000
3:@0.572465:0.857931:0.577470:0.857931:0.577470:0.848811:0.572465:0.848811:0.000000
Anión monoatómico:@0.110430:0.882632:0.256972:0.882632:0.256972:0.866988:0.110430:0.866988:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
HCl     Cl      Li S      S      FeN     N:@0.410375:0.882632:0.677392:0.882632:0.677392:0.866988:0.410375:0.866988:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
1–:@0.480428:0.876860:0.490560:0.876860:0.490560:0.867739:0.480428:0.867739:0.000000:0.000000
2:@0.521377:0.885652:0.526382:0.885652:0.526382:0.876532:0.521377:0.876532:0.000000
2–:@0.578026:0.876860:0.588157:0.876860:0.588157:0.867739:0.578026:0.867739:0.000000:0.000000
3–:@0.677392:0.876860:0.687524:0.876860:0.687524:0.867739:0.677392:0.867739:0.000000:0.000000