167:@0.890754:0.963104:0.932133:0.963104:0.932133:0.941283:0.890754:0.941283:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Química:@0.823207:0.956142:0.879897:0.956142:0.879897:0.943479:0.823207:0.943479:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2.º BG:@0.837761:0.967458:0.879897:0.967458:0.879897:0.954794:0.837761:0.954794:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
DUA:@0.748004:0.068322:0.791647:0.068322:0.791647:0.048070:0.748004:0.048070:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
. Representación:@0.791647:0.067693:0.923937:0.067693:0.923937:0.050792:0.791647:0.050792:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Determinación del pH:@0.096359:0.103550:0.310440:0.103550:0.310440:0.082808:0.096359:0.082808:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 El pH de una disolución se puede determinar mediante varios métodos. Uno muy :@0.096359:0.126237:0.716558:0.126237:0.716558:0.109848:0.096359:0.109848:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
sencillo consiste en utilizar indicadores ácido-base, que son sustancias que cambian :@0.096359:0.142584:0.716541:0.142584:0.716541:0.126195:0.096359:0.126195:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
el color de la disolución según su pH. Por ejemplo, papel tornasol, fenolftaleína, azul :@0.096359:0.158932:0.716613:0.158932:0.716613:0.142543:0.096359:0.142543:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
de bromotimol, entre otros.  También se puede utilizar dispositivos medidores de pH :@0.096359:0.175279:0.716545:0.175279:0.716545:0.158890:0.096359:0.158890:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
que leen directamente el pH de una disolución.:@0.096359:0.191627:0.444748:0.191627:0.444748:0.175238:0.096359:0.175238:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
El valor del pH se calcula partiendo de la concentración molar de los iones oxonio :@0.096359:0.215097:0.716447:0.215097:0.716447:0.198708:0.096359:0.198708:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
[H O ]. La fórmula expresa esta concentración como un logaritmo.:@0.096359:0.231444:0.586207:0.231434:0.586207:0.215045:0.096359:0.215055:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.112852:0.234598:0.118094:0.234598:0.118094:0.225043:0.112852:0.225043:0.000000
1+:@0.130458:0.225387:0.142104:0.225387:0.142104:0.215832:0.130458:0.215832:0.000000:0.000000
Concentración de oxonio: [H O ]:@0.096367:0.254904:0.340311:0.254906:0.340311:0.238518:0.096367:0.238515:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.306174:0.258070:0.311417:0.258070:0.311417:0.248515:0.306174:0.248515:0.000000
1+:@0.323781:0.248859:0.335427:0.248859:0.335427:0.239304:0.323781:0.239304:0.000000:0.000000
El pH de una disolución es igual al logaritmo negativo de su concentración ion  :@0.096366:0.278376:0.716548:0.278376:0.716548:0.261988:0.096366:0.261988:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
oxonio en moles por litro. La ecuación se escribe de la forma siguiente::@0.096366:0.294724:0.613270:0.294724:0.613270:0.278335:0.096366:0.278335:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
pH  =  –log [H O ]:@0.336173:0.340564:0.472691:0.340564:0.472691:0.324175:0.336173:0.324175:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.438555:0.343728:0.443798:0.343728:0.443798:0.334173:0.438555:0.334173:0.000000
1+:@0.456162:0.334516:0.467808:0.334516:0.467808:0.324962:0.456162:0.324962:0.000000:0.000000
Las notaciones exponen-:@0.755242:0.140176:0.922398:0.140176:0.922398:0.125277:0.755242:0.125277:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
ciales logarítmicas son :@0.755242:0.154007:0.908358:0.154007:0.908358:0.139108:0.755242:0.139108:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
equivalentes.:@0.755242:0.167837:0.842856:0.167837:0.842856:0.152938:0.755242:0.152938:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Así, “[…] las expresiones :@0.755242:0.185226:0.918175:0.185226:0.918175:0.170327:0.755242:0.170327:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
a  = N y log N = x son :@0.755242:0.199056:0.902441:0.199062:0.902441:0.184163:0.755242:0.184157:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
x:@0.762848:0.193565:0.767038:0.193565:0.767038:0.184878:0.762848:0.184878:0.000000
a:@0.831332:0.201938:0.835766:0.201938:0.835766:0.193252:0.831332:0.193252:0.000000
equivalentes” (Mancill & :@0.755237:0.212892:0.915707:0.212892:0.915707:0.197993:0.755237:0.197993:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
González, 1962, p. 244).:@0.755237:0.226723:0.909726:0.226723:0.909726:0.211824:0.755237:0.211824:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
En donde::@0.755237:0.244111:0.822850:0.244111:0.822850:0.229212:0.755237:0.229212:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
a:@0.755237:0.261500:0.763664:0.261500:0.763664:0.246626:0.755237:0.246626:0.000000
  =  base:@0.763664:0.261500:0.819550:0.261500:0.819550:0.246601:0.763664:0.246601:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
x:@0.755237:0.278888:0.762022:0.278888:0.762022:0.264014:0.755237:0.264014:0.000000
  =  exponente:@0.762022:0.278888:0.859436:0.278888:0.859436:0.263989:0.762022:0.263989:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
N:@0.755237:0.296277:0.765473:0.296277:0.765473:0.281403:0.755237:0.281403:0.000000
 =  número real positivo:@0.765473:0.296277:0.924184:0.296277:0.924184:0.281378:0.765473:0.281378:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Los logaritmos :@0.755237:0.313665:0.856755:0.313665:0.856755:0.298766:0.755237:0.298766:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
vulgares:@0.856755:0.313665:0.910128:0.313665:0.910128:0.298791:0.856755:0.298791:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.910128:0.313665:0.913797:0.313665:0.913797:0.298766:0.910128:0.298766:0.000000
tienen como base 10,  :@0.755237:0.327495:0.905975:0.327495:0.905975:0.312596:0.755237:0.312596:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
y en muchas ocasiones  :@0.755237:0.341326:0.916982:0.341326:0.916982:0.326427:0.755237:0.326427:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
se suele omitir su escritura, :@0.755237:0.355156:0.933046:0.355156:0.933046:0.340257:0.755237:0.340257:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
como en el caso del :@0.755237:0.368986:0.892406:0.368986:0.892406:0.354087:0.755237:0.354087:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
logaritmo de la :@0.755237:0.382817:0.860191:0.382817:0.860191:0.367918:0.755237:0.367918:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
concentración de los :@0.755237:0.396647:0.898722:0.396647:0.898722:0.381748:0.755237:0.381748:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
iones oxonio.:@0.755237:0.410477:0.843372:0.410477:0.843372:0.395578:0.755237:0.395578:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
pH = –log  [H O ]:@0.779930:0.427866:0.906245:0.427901:0.906245:0.413002:0.779930:0.412967:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
10:@0.847019:0.430777:0.856551:0.430777:0.856551:0.422091:0.847019:0.422091:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.875213:0.430777:0.879979:0.430777:0.879979:0.422091:0.875213:0.422091:0.000000
1+:@0.891218:0.422403:0.901805:0.422403:0.901805:0.413717:0.891218:0.413717:0.000000:0.000000
pH = –log [H O ]:@0.784707:0.445289:0.901479:0.445296:0.901479:0.430397:0.784707:0.430390:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.870445:0.448172:0.875211:0.448172:0.875211:0.439486:0.870445:0.439486:0.000000
1+:@0.886452:0.439798:0.897039:0.439798:0.897039:0.431112:0.886452:0.431112:0.000000:0.000000
¿Por qué en los logaritmos :@0.755247:0.563281:0.923609:0.563281:0.923609:0.548407:0.755247:0.548407:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
de base 10 se suele omitir :@0.755247:0.577111:0.917126:0.577111:0.917126:0.562237:0.755247:0.562237:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
su escritura?:@0.755247:0.590942:0.832793:0.590942:0.832793:0.576068:0.755247:0.576068:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
     Matemática:@0.776108:0.107736:0.883649:0.107736:0.883649:0.090835:0.776108:0.090835:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
©Shutterstock:@0.942261:0.542662:0.942261:0.499837:0.930350:0.499837:0.930350:0.542662:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Ejercicio propuesto:@0.756231:0.631269:0.901848:0.631269:0.901848:0.614369:0.756231:0.614369:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Calcula el pH de una :@0.755242:0.659351:0.895946:0.659351:0.895946:0.644452:0.755242:0.644452:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
disolución de ácido :@0.755242:0.673182:0.889178:0.673182:0.889178:0.658283:0.755242:0.658283:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
cianhídrico, HCN, 0,5 :@0.755242:0.687012:0.895929:0.687012:0.895929:0.672113:0.755242:0.672113:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
molar. La constante de :@0.755242:0.700842:0.909731:0.700842:0.909731:0.685943:0.755242:0.685943:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
disociación de este ácido :@0.755242:0.714673:0.926551:0.714673:0.926551:0.699773:0.755242:0.699773:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
es 4,9 × 10:@0.755242:0.728503:0.826222:0.728503:0.826222:0.713604:0.755242:0.713604:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
–10:@0.826221:0.723005:0.840636:0.723005:0.840636:0.714319:0.826221:0.714319:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Conoce qué es el pH y :@0.755452:0.805178:0.908636:0.805178:0.908636:0.790279:0.755452:0.790279:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
cómo se calcula. Visita: :@0.755452:0.819008:0.909321:0.819008:0.909321:0.804109:0.755452:0.804109:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
lynk.ec/12qmc28:@0.755452:0.836397:0.869485:0.836397:0.869485:0.821272:0.755452:0.821272:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Digital:@0.807225:0.772736:0.857696:0.772736:0.857696:0.755835:0.807225:0.755835:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Ejercicio resuelto:@0.120243:0.424809:0.249036:0.424809:0.249036:0.407909:0.120243:0.407909:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
• :@0.110843:0.452891:0.119554:0.452891:0.119554:0.437527:0.110843:0.437527:0.000000:0.000000
Conociendo que la concentración de los iones oxonio en las frutillas es 5,0 × 10 , calcula :@0.134581:0.452891:0.716178:0.452891:0.716178:0.437992:0.134581:0.437992:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
–4:@0.650927:0.447394:0.660576:0.447394:0.660576:0.438707:0.650927:0.438707:0.000000:0.000000
el pH de las frutillas e indica si son frutas ácidas o básicas.   :@0.134585:0.466721:0.524155:0.466721:0.524155:0.451822:0.134585:0.451822:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Datos:@0.394024:0.500645:0.437396:0.500645:0.437396:0.485067:0.394024:0.485067:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Resolución:@0.566054:0.500645:0.647772:0.500645:0.647772:0.485067:0.566054:0.485067:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
[H O ] = 5,0 × 10:@0.336170:0.519811:0.452455:0.519811:0.452455:0.504912:0.336170:0.504912:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.351163:0.522687:0.355929:0.522687:0.355929:0.514001:0.351163:0.514001:0.000000
1+:@0.367168:0.514313:0.377755:0.514313:0.377755:0.505627:0.367168:0.505627:0.000000:0.000000
–4:@0.452453:0.514313:0.462102:0.514313:0.462102:0.505627:0.452453:0.505627:0.000000:0.000000
pH = ¿ ?:@0.336170:0.534899:0.389727:0.534899:0.389727:0.520000:0.336170:0.520000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
pH = –log [H O ]:@0.508317:0.519811:0.625080:0.519811:0.625080:0.504912:0.508317:0.504912:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.594048:0.522687:0.598814:0.522687:0.598814:0.514001:0.594048:0.514001:0.000000
1+:@0.610054:0.514313:0.620641:0.514313:0.620641:0.505627:0.610054:0.505627:0.000000:0.000000
pH = –log [5,0 × 10 ]:@0.508315:0.534899:0.650518:0.534899:0.650518:0.520000:0.508315:0.520000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
–4:@0.636429:0.529401:0.646079:0.529401:0.646079:0.520715:0.636429:0.520715:0.000000:0.000000
pH = 3,3:@0.508307:0.549986:0.564696:0.549986:0.564696:0.535087:0.508307:0.535087:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Las frutillas al presentar un pH de 3,3, son frutas muy ácidas.:@0.140525:0.629586:0.537215:0.629586:0.537215:0.614687:0.140525:0.614687:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Datos:@0.369093:0.728839:0.412465:0.728839:0.412465:0.713261:0.369093:0.713261:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Resolución:@0.553989:0.728839:0.635707:0.728839:0.635707:0.713261:0.553989:0.713261:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
[OH ] = 3,2 × 10:@0.311239:0.748005:0.421737:0.748005:0.421737:0.733106:0.311239:0.733106:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
1–:@0.337389:0.742507:0.347038:0.742507:0.347038:0.733821:0.337389:0.733821:0.000000:0.000000
–4:@0.421736:0.742507:0.431385:0.742507:0.431385:0.733821:0.421736:0.733821:0.000000:0.000000
[H O ] = ¿ ?:@0.311239:0.763092:0.391020:0.763092:0.391020:0.748193:0.311239:0.748193:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.326232:0.765969:0.330998:0.765969:0.330998:0.757282:0.326232:0.757282:0.000000
1+:@0.342239:0.757595:0.352826:0.757595:0.352826:0.748909:0.342239:0.748909:0.000000:0.000000
pH = ¿ ?:@0.311245:0.778180:0.364803:0.778180:0.364803:0.763281:0.311245:0.763281:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
• :@0.483393:0.748005:0.492104:0.748005:0.492104:0.732641:0.483393:0.732641:0.000000:0.000000
Calculamos el valor de [H O ]:@0.507131:0.748005:0.706317:0.748005:0.706317:0.733106:0.507131:0.733106:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.675285:0.750881:0.680051:0.750881:0.680051:0.742195:0.675285:0.742195:0.000000
1+:@0.691290:0.742507:0.701877:0.742507:0.701877:0.733821:0.691290:0.733821:0.000000:0.000000
[H O ] = Kw/[OH ]:@0.508505:0.763092:0.638411:0.763092:0.638411:0.748193:0.508505:0.748193:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.523502:0.765969:0.528268:0.765969:0.528268:0.757282:0.523502:0.757282:0.000000
1+:@0.539507:0.757595:0.550094:0.757595:0.550094:0.748909:0.539507:0.748909:0.000000:0.000000
1–:@0.624324:0.757595:0.633974:0.757595:0.633974:0.748909:0.624324:0.748909:0.000000:0.000000
[H O ] = 1 × 10 / :@0.508513:0.778180:0.637666:0.778180:0.637666:0.763281:0.508513:0.763281:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.523502:0.781056:0.528268:0.781056:0.528268:0.772370:0.523502:0.772370:0.000000
1+:@0.539507:0.772682:0.550094:0.772682:0.550094:0.763996:0.539507:0.763996:0.000000:0.000000
–14:@0.613701:0.772682:0.628117:0.772682:0.628117:0.763996:0.613701:0.763996:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.483376:0.793268:0.487045:0.793268:0.487045:0.778369:0.483376:0.778369:0.000000
 :@0.508505:0.793268:0.512174:0.793268:0.512174:0.778369:0.508505:0.778369:0.000000
        [3,2 × 10 ]:@0.543685:0.793268:0.644502:0.793268:0.644502:0.778369:0.543685:0.778369:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
–4:@0.630414:0.787770:0.640063:0.787770:0.640063:0.779084:0.630414:0.779084:0.000000:0.000000
[H O ] = 3,1 × 10:@0.508506:0.808355:0.624793:0.808355:0.624793:0.793456:0.508506:0.793456:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.523502:0.811231:0.528268:0.811231:0.528268:0.802545:0.523502:0.802545:0.000000
1+:@0.539507:0.802858:0.550094:0.802858:0.550094:0.794172:0.539507:0.794172:0.000000:0.000000
–11:@0.624792:0.802858:0.639207:0.802858:0.639207:0.794172:0.624792:0.794172:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
• :@0.483380:0.837273:0.492091:0.837273:0.492091:0.821909:0.483380:0.821909:0.000000:0.000000
Calculamos el valor del pH:@0.507118:0.837273:0.683688:0.837273:0.683688:0.822374:0.507118:0.822374:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.483380:0.852361:0.487048:0.852361:0.487048:0.837462:0.483380:0.837462:0.000000
pH = –log [H O ]:@0.508508:0.852361:0.625277:0.852361:0.625277:0.837462:0.508508:0.837462:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.594245:0.855237:0.599011:0.855237:0.599011:0.846551:0.594245:0.846551:0.000000
1+:@0.610252:0.846863:0.620839:0.846863:0.620839:0.838177:0.610252:0.838177:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.483385:0.867448:0.487053:0.867448:0.487053:0.852549:0.483385:0.852549:0.000000
pH = –log [3,1 × 10 ]:@0.508513:0.867448:0.655482:0.867448:0.655482:0.852549:0.508513:0.852549:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
–11:@0.636627:0.861951:0.651043:0.861951:0.651043:0.853265:0.636627:0.853265:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.483385:0.882536:0.487053:0.882536:0.487053:0.867637:0.483385:0.867637:0.000000
pH = 10,5:@0.508513:0.882536:0.573077:0.882536:0.573077:0.867637:0.508513:0.867637:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
El detergente de ropa es una sustancia básica.:@0.140547:0.905268:0.446126:0.905268:0.446126:0.890369:0.140547:0.890369:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
• :@0.110862:0.670014:0.119573:0.670014:0.119573:0.654650:0.110862:0.654650:0.000000:0.000000
El detergente utilizado para lavar la ropa tiene una concentración de iones [OH ] de  :@0.134600:0.670014:0.716166:0.670013:0.716166:0.655114:0.134600:0.655115:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
1–:@0.676077:0.664516:0.685727:0.664516:0.685727:0.655830:0.676077:0.655830:0.000000:0.000000
3,2 × 10 . Determina la concentración de iones oxonio y el pH del detergente. Establece :@0.134573:0.683843:0.716219:0.683843:0.716219:0.668944:0.134573:0.668944:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
–4:@0.186110:0.678346:0.195759:0.678346:0.195759:0.669660:0.186110:0.669660:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.712502:0.683843:0.716171:0.683843:0.716171:0.668944:0.712502:0.668944:0.000000
si este tipo de jabones son básicos o ácidos.:@0.134578:0.697674:0.425897:0.697674:0.425897:0.682775:0.134578:0.682775:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
©Shutterstock:@0.129757:0.595053:0.129757:0.552227:0.117846:0.552227:0.117846:0.595053:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
©Shutterstock:@0.129757:0.827779:0.129757:0.784954:0.117846:0.784954:0.117846:0.827779:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000