119:@0.890754:0.963104:0.932133:0.963104:0.932133:0.941283:0.890754:0.941283:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Química:@0.823207:0.956142:0.879897:0.956142:0.879897:0.943479:0.823207:0.943479:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
1.º BG:@0.837761:0.967458:0.879897:0.967458:0.879897:0.954794:0.837761:0.954794:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
DUA:@0.748004:0.068322:0.791647:0.068322:0.791647:0.048070:0.748004:0.048070:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
. Representación:@0.791647:0.067693:0.923937:0.067693:0.923937:0.050792:0.791647:0.050792:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Teoría ácido-base, según Brønsted-Lowry:@0.096359:0.105436:0.556283:0.105436:0.556283:0.082069:0.096359:0.082069:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
La definición de Arrhenius de ácidos y bases por disociación iónica explicaba muchas :@0.096359:0.127651:0.716595:0.127651:0.716595:0.111262:0.096359:0.111262:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
de las propiedades de estas sustancias. Sin embargo, su definición dejaba fuera a :@0.096359:0.143999:0.716613:0.143999:0.716613:0.127610:0.096359:0.127610:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
ciertas sustancias, como el amoníaco NH3 que, sin poseer iones OH , se comportaba :@0.096359:0.160346:0.716546:0.160341:0.716546:0.143952:0.096359:0.143957:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
–:@0.588003:0.154294:0.593375:0.154294:0.593375:0.144739:0.588003:0.144739:0.000000
igual que una base.:@0.096364:0.176689:0.238513:0.176689:0.238513:0.160300:0.096364:0.160300:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted (1879-1947), químico danés, y Thomas Martin Lowry :@0.096364:0.200159:0.716594:0.200159:0.716594:0.183770:0.096364:0.183770:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
(1874-1936), físico y químico inglés, ampliaron la definición de ácido y base. Estaba :@0.096364:0.216506:0.716618:0.216506:0.716618:0.200117:0.096364:0.200117:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
claro que los ácidos cedían protones (H ) y se sabía que las bases se comportaban :@0.096364:0.232853:0.716487:0.232848:0.716487:0.216459:0.096364:0.216464:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
1+:@0.389380:0.226801:0.401026:0.226801:0.401026:0.217246:0.389380:0.217246:0.000000:0.000000
en forma opuesta a los ácidos. De acuerdo con esta relación, estos científicos definen :@0.096361:0.249196:0.716465:0.249196:0.716465:0.232807:0.096361:0.232807:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
a los ácidos y las bases de la siguiente manera::@0.096361:0.265543:0.435479:0.265543:0.435479:0.249154:0.096361:0.249154:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Este concepto de basicidad aclaraba el comportamiento básico del NH , a pesar de :@0.096361:0.402062:0.716538:0.402057:0.716538:0.385668:0.096361:0.385673:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.622565:0.405221:0.627808:0.405221:0.627808:0.395666:0.622565:0.395666:0.000000
no poseer iones (OH)  y explicaba el carácter ácido o básico de otras sustancias, sin :@0.096356:0.418405:0.716511:0.418402:0.716511:0.402013:0.096356:0.402016:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
1–:@0.252523:0.412355:0.263137:0.412355:0.263137:0.402800:0.252523:0.402800:0.000000:0.000000
necesidad de estar formando una solución acuosa.:@0.096367:0.434750:0.467810:0.434750:0.467810:0.418361:0.096367:0.418361:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
NH  + H O      NH4  + H O:@0.296456:0.480219:0.514023:0.480219:0.514023:0.463318:0.296456:0.463318:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.321297:0.483381:0.327055:0.483381:0.327055:0.473528:0.321297:0.473528:0.000000
3:@0.358050:0.483381:0.363808:0.483381:0.363808:0.473528:0.358050:0.473528:0.000000
1+:@0.376781:0.474171:0.388942:0.474171:0.388942:0.464318:0.376781:0.464318:0.000000:0.000000
1+:@0.452135:0.474171:0.464296:0.474171:0.464296:0.464318:0.452135:0.464318:0.000000:0.000000
2:@0.495290:0.483381:0.501049:0.483381:0.501049:0.473528:0.495290:0.473528:0.000000
Las condiciones de la Tierra impiden que existan protones libres en el ambiente,  :@0.096361:0.528638:0.716543:0.528638:0.716543:0.512250:0.096361:0.512250:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
por tal motivo, siempre buscarán una base a la cual adherirse. El proceso de ganar :@0.096361:0.544986:0.716543:0.544986:0.716543:0.528597:0.096361:0.528597:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.712507:0.544986:0.716543:0.544986:0.716543:0.528597:0.712507:0.528597:0.000000
o perder protones es reversible ( ). En este sentido, sucede lo siguiente::@0.096361:0.561333:0.625306:0.561328:0.625306:0.544939:0.096361:0.544944:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
•:@0.096361:0.588367:0.102128:0.588367:0.102128:0.571466:0.096361:0.571466:0.000000
 :@0.102129:0.588367:0.106164:0.588367:0.106164:0.571978:0.102129:0.571978:0.000000
El ácido, al perder un protón, se transforma en una base conjugada.:@0.124850:0.588367:0.617417:0.588367:0.617417:0.571978:0.124850:0.571978:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
•:@0.096361:0.608282:0.102128:0.608282:0.102128:0.591382:0.096361:0.591382:0.000000
 :@0.102129:0.608282:0.106164:0.608282:0.106164:0.591893:0.102129:0.591893:0.000000
Una base, al ganar un protón, se transforma en un ácido conjugado.:@0.124850:0.608282:0.620973:0.608282:0.620973:0.591893:0.124850:0.591893:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
•:@0.096361:0.628198:0.102128:0.628198:0.102128:0.611297:0.096361:0.611297:0.000000
 :@0.102129:0.628198:0.106164:0.628198:0.106164:0.611809:0.102129:0.611809:0.000000
El ácido y su base correspondiente forman un sistema conjugado.:@0.124850:0.628198:0.605896:0.628198:0.605896:0.611809:0.124850:0.611809:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
+:@0.270936:0.314548:0.300889:0.314548:0.300889:0.268455:0.270936:0.268455:0.000000
–:@0.533731:0.314548:0.558859:0.314548:0.558859:0.268455:0.533731:0.268455:0.000000
Ácido:@0.195999:0.329091:0.241570:0.329091:0.241570:0.312190:0.195999:0.312190:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 es toda sustancia  :@0.241570:0.329091:0.379241:0.329091:0.379241:0.312702:0.241570:0.312702:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
capaz de :@0.191429:0.345438:0.261012:0.345438:0.261012:0.329049:0.191429:0.329049:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
ceder:@0.261012:0.345438:0.305406:0.345438:0.305406:0.328538:0.261012:0.328538:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 protones :@0.305406:0.345438:0.379761:0.345438:0.379761:0.329049:0.305406:0.329049:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
(H ). :@0.265453:0.361786:0.305734:0.361781:0.305734:0.345392:0.265453:0.345397:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
1+:@0.281962:0.355733:0.293608:0.355733:0.293608:0.346179:0.281962:0.346179:0.000000:0.000000
Base:@0.464082:0.331755:0.501306:0.331755:0.501306:0.314855:0.464082:0.314855:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 es toda sustancia :@0.501306:0.331755:0.634942:0.331755:0.634942:0.315366:0.501306:0.315366:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
capaz de :@0.447461:0.348103:0.517043:0.348103:0.517043:0.331714:0.447461:0.331714:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
aceptar:@0.517043:0.348103:0.577191:0.348103:0.577191:0.331202:0.517043:0.331202:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 protones :@0.577191:0.348103:0.651547:0.348103:0.651547:0.331714:0.577191:0.331714:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
(H ).:@0.529372:0.364450:0.565600:0.364453:0.565600:0.348064:0.529372:0.348061:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
1+:@0.545866:0.358405:0.557512:0.358405:0.557512:0.348850:0.545866:0.348850:0.000000:0.000000
Ejercicio propuesto:@0.755995:0.569430:0.901612:0.569430:0.901612:0.552530:0.755995:0.552530:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
En las ecuaciones iónicas, :@0.755005:0.597512:0.928156:0.597512:0.928156:0.582613:0.755005:0.582613:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
utiliza el siguiente cifrado :@0.755005:0.611342:0.927837:0.611342:0.927837:0.596443:0.755005:0.596443:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
para identificar el sistema :@0.755005:0.625173:0.927584:0.625173:0.927584:0.610274:0.755005:0.610274:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
conjugado::@0.755005:0.639003:0.830508:0.639003:0.830508:0.624104:0.755005:0.624104:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
A: :@0.755005:0.656392:0.773080:0.656392:0.773080:0.641027:0.755005:0.641027:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
ácido:@0.773080:0.656392:0.809684:0.656392:0.809684:0.641493:0.773080:0.641493:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Ac: :@0.755005:0.673780:0.780384:0.673780:0.780384:0.658416:0.755005:0.658416:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
ácido conjugado:@0.780384:0.673780:0.893245:0.673780:0.893245:0.658881:0.780384:0.658881:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
B: :@0.755005:0.691169:0.772075:0.691169:0.772075:0.675804:0.755005:0.675804:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
base:@0.772075:0.691169:0.803302:0.691169:0.803302:0.676270:0.772075:0.676270:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Bc: :@0.755005:0.708557:0.779681:0.708557:0.779681:0.693193:0.755005:0.693193:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
base conjugada:@0.779681:0.708557:0.885858:0.708557:0.885858:0.693658:0.779681:0.693658:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
KOH + H O:@0.761025:0.786466:0.831782:0.786466:0.831782:0.772864:0.761025:0.772864:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.817412:0.789054:0.821922:0.789054:0.821922:0.781125:0.817412:0.781125:0.000000
1+:@0.830878:0.781518:0.840099:0.781518:0.840099:0.773588:0.830878:0.773588:0.000000:0.000000
K + H O:@0.869018:0.786466:0.927941:0.786466:0.927941:0.772864:0.869018:0.772864:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
1+:@0.877190:0.781518:0.886938:0.781518:0.886938:0.773588:0.877190:0.773588:0.000000:0.000000
2:@0.913043:0.789054:0.917553:0.789054:0.917553:0.781125:0.913043:0.781125:0.000000
HCl + H O:@0.760226:0.833694:0.825916:0.833694:0.825916:0.820092:0.760226:0.820092:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2:@0.811257:0.836282:0.815767:0.836282:0.815767:0.828353:0.811257:0.828353:0.000000
Cl + H O:@0.863051:0.833694:0.926117:0.833694:0.926117:0.820092:0.863051:0.820092:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
1–:@0.875362:0.828746:0.884266:0.828746:0.884266:0.820816:0.875362:0.820816:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.911219:0.836282:0.915728:0.836282:0.915728:0.828353:0.911219:0.828353:0.000000
1+:@0.926117:0.828746:0.935865:0.828746:0.935865:0.820816:0.926117:0.820816:0.000000:0.000000
HF +H O:@0.762027:0.737821:0.822843:0.737821:0.822843:0.724219:0.762027:0.724219:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2:@0.808183:0.740409:0.812693:0.740409:0.812693:0.732480:0.808183:0.732480:0.000000
F + H O:@0.862150:0.737821:0.919684:0.737821:0.919684:0.724219:0.862150:0.724219:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
1–:@0.869489:0.732873:0.878393:0.732873:0.878393:0.724943:0.869489:0.724943:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.904786:0.740409:0.909295:0.740409:0.909295:0.732480:0.904786:0.732480:0.000000
1+:@0.919684:0.732873:0.929432:0.732873:0.929432:0.724943:0.919684:0.724943:0.000000:0.000000
A:@0.765796:0.757304:0.775024:0.757304:0.775024:0.743702:0.765796:0.743702:0.000000
B:@0.802434:0.757304:0.810606:0.757304:0.810606:0.743702:0.802434:0.743702:0.000000
Bc:@0.867281:0.757304:0.882268:0.757304:0.882268:0.743702:0.867281:0.743702:0.000000:0.000000
Ac:@0.904310:0.757304:0.920111:0.757304:0.920111:0.743702:0.904310:0.743702:0.000000:0.000000
En dos vasos de vidrio, :@0.755005:0.139482:0.908503:0.139482:0.908503:0.124583:0.755005:0.124583:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
coloca una infusión de té. :@0.755005:0.153313:0.929345:0.153313:0.929345:0.138414:0.755005:0.138414:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
En el primero, añade unas :@0.755005:0.167143:0.930903:0.167143:0.930903:0.152244:0.755005:0.152244:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
gotas de zumo de limón  :@0.755005:0.180973:0.925494:0.180973:0.925494:0.166074:0.755005:0.166074:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
y en el segundo unas :@0.755005:0.194804:0.900616:0.194804:0.900616:0.179905:0.755005:0.179905:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
gotas de vinagre.:@0.755005:0.208634:0.868902:0.208634:0.868902:0.193735:0.755005:0.193735:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Observa y establece qué :@0.755005:0.330391:0.909542:0.330391:0.909542:0.315517:0.755005:0.315517:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
similitudes puedes :@0.755005:0.344221:0.871065:0.344221:0.871065:0.329347:0.755005:0.329347:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
encontrar en el :@0.755005:0.358052:0.850810:0.358052:0.850810:0.343178:0.755005:0.343178:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
comportamiento  :@0.755005:0.371882:0.870611:0.371882:0.870611:0.357008:0.755005:0.357008:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
de las dos soluciones.:@0.755005:0.385712:0.889123:0.385712:0.889123:0.370838:0.755005:0.370838:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Experiencia casera:@0.758997:0.111399:0.898609:0.111399:0.898609:0.094499:0.758997:0.094499:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
©Shutterstock:@0.942904:0.307580:0.942904:0.264754:0.930994:0.264754:0.930994:0.307580:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
NH:@0.162005:0.709741:0.183247:0.709741:0.183247:0.694842:0.162005:0.694842:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.183247:0.712617:0.188013:0.712617:0.188013:0.703931:0.183247:0.703931:0.000000
H O:@0.251409:0.709741:0.277970:0.709741:0.277970:0.694842:0.251409:0.694842:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.261963:0.712617:0.266729:0.712617:0.266729:0.703931:0.261963:0.703931:0.000000
1+:@0.277970:0.704244:0.288557:0.704244:0.288557:0.695558:0.277970:0.695558:0.000000:0.000000
NH:@0.452714:0.708484:0.473956:0.708484:0.473956:0.693585:0.452714:0.693585:0.000000:0.000000
4:@0.473956:0.711360:0.478722:0.711360:0.478722:0.702674:0.473956:0.702674:0.000000
1+:@0.478722:0.702989:0.489310:0.702989:0.489310:0.694303:0.478722:0.694303:0.000000:0.000000
H O:@0.600192:0.708484:0.626753:0.708484:0.626753:0.693585:0.600192:0.693585:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2:@0.610746:0.711360:0.615512:0.711360:0.615512:0.702674:0.610746:0.702674:0.000000
Base:@0.159797:0.729506:0.190236:0.729506:0.190236:0.714607:0.159797:0.714607:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
(B):@0.166347:0.748152:0.183686:0.748152:0.183686:0.733253:0.166347:0.733253:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Ácido:@0.250679:0.729506:0.289310:0.729506:0.289310:0.714607:0.250679:0.714607:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
(A):@0.260713:0.748152:0.279292:0.748152:0.279292:0.733253:0.260713:0.733253:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Ácido conjugado:@0.413596:0.729506:0.528484:0.729506:0.528484:0.714607:0.413596:0.714607:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
(Ac):@0.458090:0.748152:0.483973:0.748152:0.483973:0.733253:0.458090:0.733253:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Base conjugada:@0.560799:0.729506:0.666188:0.729506:0.666188:0.714607:0.560799:0.714607:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
(Bc):@0.601055:0.748152:0.625916:0.748152:0.625916:0.733253:0.601055:0.733253:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Sistemas conjugados:@0.111712:0.664715:0.279236:0.664715:0.279236:0.647814:0.111712:0.647814:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
La reacción entre el NH  y el agua es reversible. En la reacción inversa, el ion NH4+ :@0.099802:0.807590:0.715320:0.807590:0.715320:0.791201:0.099802:0.791201:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.273251:0.810752:0.278494:0.810752:0.278494:0.801197:0.273251:0.801197:0.000000
cede un protón al ion OH–, entonces el ion NH  es un ácido.:@0.099802:0.823937:0.544785:0.823934:0.544785:0.807546:0.099802:0.807548:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
4+:@0.442422:0.817887:0.454067:0.817887:0.454067:0.808332:0.442422:0.808332:0.000000:0.000000
La teoría de Brønsted-Lowry para ácidos y bases incluye a la teoría de Arrhenius :@0.099797:0.847405:0.715276:0.847405:0.715276:0.831016:0.099797:0.831016:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.711189:0.847405:0.715224:0.847405:0.715224:0.831016:0.711189:0.831016:0.000000
y la amplía. Con esta nueva definición, a más de las bases típicas, se consideran otras :@0.099797:0.863752:0.715241:0.863752:0.715241:0.847363:0.099797:0.847363:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
sustancias como el amoníaco, ya que al disolverse acepta un protón del agua, for-:@0.099797:0.880099:0.711189:0.880099:0.711189:0.863710:0.099797:0.863710:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
mando el ion amonio.:@0.099797:0.896447:0.261110:0.896447:0.261110:0.880058:0.099797:0.880058:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 ©:@0.079553:0.731952:0.079553:0.720342:0.061505:0.720342:0.061505:0.731952:0.000000:0.000000
maya:@0.080774:0.720340:0.080774:0.684191:0.055786:0.684191:0.055786:0.720340:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
®EDUCACIÓN – Libro resuelto solo para fines didácticos – Prohibida su reproducción :@0.079553:0.684192:0.079553:0.268045:0.061505:0.268045:0.061505:0.684192:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000